opinion | Supreme Court restores constitutional atmosphere

This has been a historic Supreme Court tenure, and the Justice continued it to the end with a massive 6-3 decision on Thursday (West Virginia vs United States. EPA) To rein in the administrative state. The topic was climate regulation but the message should resonate in the federal bureaucracy.

The question was whether the Environmental Protection Agency could enact a vague statutory provision to re-engineer the country’s electric grid. Before the 2015 Obama regime, the EPA used the provision only a few times to regulate pollutants from discrete sources.

The rule would effectively require coal and gas-powered generators to subsidize renewable energy. It was put on hold by the court in 2016 but was revived by the DC Circuit Court of Appeals last year. Now the court is burying it for good, and its legal justification is particularly important.

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writing for the majorityChief Justice John Roberts relies on the Court’s “leading question” principle. This requires courts to look with skepticism when agencies claim that “‘a long-standing statute has an unaltered power’ that represents a ‘transformative expansion’ in its power.” Obama EPA That’s what he did.

Three liberal dissidents criticize the majority for declaring the “arrival” of the Key Question doctrine. But courts have often invoked it for more than two decades to prevent administrative redundancies, including during the Bush presidency. In contrast, lower courts have mostly relied on courts

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Precedent for regulators to defer.

majority decision is reduced to effect beam By directing lower courts to consider first whether regulators are confiscating extraneous powers that Congress has not authorized. Chiefs cite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s eviction ban and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s vaccine mandate, both of which were overturned by the court.

Justice Elena Kagan’s dissent accused the majority of abandoning textualism. “A few years ago, I remarked that ‘[w]All are textualists now,'” she writes. “It seems I was wrong. The present Court is curricular only if it suits it to be so.”

Textualism has become prevalent among liberal jurists because they can use it to tailor the legal text to their policy priorities. First, they claim that the statutory language is ambiguous. then they decide that beam The statutory interpretation of an agency is justified.

Or sometimes they interpret the text too narrow to give agencies wide powers to do something that Congress never explicitly authorized or contemplated. Such faux-textualism divides the text of the meaning.

The court is now putting up railings beam To prevent the lower courts from deviating from the constitutional path. Justice Neil Gorsuch’s concurrence, joined by Samuel Alito, is particularly helpful in shedding light on when and how to apply the Key Question Doctrine to lower courts.

First, he writes, the principle applies when “an agency claims the power to resolve a matter of great ‘political importance’.” Second, an agency must indicate “the authority of Congress to clarify when it seeks to regulate a significant portion of”. the US economy.”‘” Third, it may apply when an agency seeks to “infiltrate an area that is a special area of ​​state law.”

Justice Gorsuch states that the courts should examine the legislative provisions on which the agency “would like to rely on ‘for its place in the overall statutory plan'” and “examine the age and focus of the statute that concerns the agency”. the problem the agency seeks to address” as well as its “previous interpretations of the relevant law”. Note their emphasis on statutory language. The majority decision makes sense of the curriculum properly and strengthens the separation of powers of the Constitution.

Dissidents say Congress lacks the expertise to regulate technical topics such as climate change. In a footnote, Justice Gorsuch slyly cited Woodrow Wilson, a progressive critic of the Constitution and founder of the Administrative State, as a government believed by experts because people are fools. The real beef of the dissenters is that the Constitution deliberately makes laws difficult to pass.

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Contrary to his critics, Justices is not blocking climate regulation. They are only saying that Congress has to decide how to do it and how to do it. Like many other decisions of this period, the court is asking Congress and the executive to stay on their proper constitutional path.

Before the executive branch can write costly rules, Congress must give clear orders that tell Americans how to live their lives. The Court is strengthening the separation of powers and increasing freedom in bargaining.

Political cuts: The gas tax holiday is another way to divert attention of one of the contributors to inflation: a quick transition to green energy. Images: AFP/Getty Images Composite: Mark Kelly

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